On the topological fundamental groups of quotient spaces (Q2259491)
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English | On the topological fundamental groups of quotient spaces |
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On the topological fundamental groups of quotient spaces (English)
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4 March 2015
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For a pointed space \((X,x_0)\), the fundamental group \(\pi_1(X,x_0)\) has a quotient topology inherited from the loop space \(\Omega(X,x_0)\) with the compact open topology. The fundamental group \(\pi_1(X,x_0)\) with this topology is not always a topological group, but the inversion and right and left translations are continuous. In the paper under review this structure is called a \textit{quasi topological group} and denoted by \(\pi_{1}^{qtop}(X,x_0)\). Let \(p: X\rightarrow X/A\) be a quotient map for a subset \(A\) of \(X\). In this paper conditions are given for \(\pi_{1}^{qtop}(X,x_0)\) to be mapped into a dense subgroup of \(\pi_{1}^{qtop}(X/A,\ast)\) by the group homomorphism induced by \(p\). As a main result it is proved that if \(A\) is an open subset of \(X\) such that its closure is path connected, then for each \(a\in A\), the image of \(\pi_{1}^{qtop}(X,x_0)\) under the induced homomorphism is dense in \(\pi_{1}^{qtop}(X/A,\ast)\).
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fundamental group
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quotient space
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quasi topological group
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