Sign-changing and multiple solutions of impulsive boundary value problems via critical point methods (Q2260471)

The authors consider the following second order impulsive boundary value problem \[ \begin{aligned} -(p(x)u')'+q(x)u=f(x,u),\quad & x\in [0,1]\setminus\{x_1, x_2, \dots, x_l\},\\ -\Delta(p(x_i)u'(x_i))=I_i(u(x_i)),\quad & i=1,2, \dots, l,\\ \alpha u'(0)-\beta u(0)=0,\quad & \gamma u'(1)+\sigma u(1)=0, \end{aligned} \] where \(\alpha, \beta, \gamma, \sigma\geq 0\), \(\alpha^2+\beta^2>0\), \(\gamma^2+\sigma^2>0\), \(p, q\in C^1[0,1],\) \(p, q>0\), \(0=x_0<x_1<\dots<x_l<x_{l+1}=1\), \(\Delta(p(x_i)u'(x_i))=p(x_i^+)u'(x_i^+)-p(x_i^-)u'(x_i^-)\), and \((x,u)\to f(t,u)\), \(u\to I_i(u)\) are continuous functions. By using critical point methods the existence of sign-changing and multiple solutions is obtained.