On the Hausdorff dimension of the Sierpiński Julia sets (Q2260725)

The authors investigate the Hausdorff dimension of the hyperbolic Julia sets of rational maps of the form \(F_{\lambda,n} (z) = z^n + \frac{\lambda}{z^n}\) with \(\lambda \in \mathbb C \setminus \{0\}\) and \(n \geq 2\), which are conjugate to the maps \(G_{\lambda,n} (z) = ({}^{2n}\sqrt {\lambda})^{n-1} (z^n + \frac{1}{z^n})\) under the linear map \(\varphi_{\lambda,n} = \frac{z}{^{2n}\sqrt {\lambda}}\). The dynamics of the map \(G_{\lambda,n}\) is easier to study since it exhibits dynamical symmetries \(G_{\lambda,n}(\frac{1}{z}) = G_{\lambda,n} (z)\) and \(G_{\lambda,n} (-z) = (-1)^n G_{\lambda,n} (z)\). To study the dynamical properties of the map \(G_{\lambda,n}\), the authors define a technical sequence \(r_{\lambda,n}\) according to the size of \(|\lambda|\) and establish a key lemma (Lemma 2.1), which is essential throughout the paper. Using the ``escape trichotomy'' (Theorem 1.1) and Lemma 2.1, they prove Theorem A, which improves the results of Theorem 1.2. After that, they apply Lemma 2.1 and Bowen's formula technically to give a lower bound of the Hausdorff dimension of the hyperbolic Julia sets of the map \(G_{\lambda,n}\) for every \(n \geq 2\) and \(\lambda \in \mathbb C \setminus \{0\}\). This establishes Theorem 4.1, which is equivalent to Theorem B. Moreover, they apply a result of Haïssinsky and Pilgrim to get a better lower bound of the Julia set of the map \(F_{\lambda,n}\) when it is a Cantor set of quasicircles; this proves Theorem 1.4. Finally, they investigate the distribution of the ``free'' critical points and the dynamical behavior of the critical value of the map \(G_{\lambda,n}\). Applying this and Bowen's formula technically, they obtain much better lower and upper bounds for the Hausdorff dimension of the hyperbolic Julia \(J(F_{\lambda,n})\) sets of the maps \(F_{\lambda,n}\). In particular, they show that \(\dim_H J(F_{\lambda,n} ) = \mathcal O(1/ \text{ln} |\lambda|)\) for large \(|\lambda|\), and \(\dim_H J(F_{\lambda,n} ) = 1 + O(1/ \text{ln} |\lambda|)\) for large \(n\) in the three cases: when the Julia set is a Cantor set, a Cantor set of quasicircles and a Sierpiński curve.