On the solvability of a system of linear equations over the domain of principal ideals (Q2260829)

The manuscript deals with the solvability of systems of linear equations over the domain of principal ideals. Let \(R\) be a commutative domain of principal ideals with identity \(e \neq 0\), \(M_{m,n}(R)\) denotes the set of \(m \times n\) matrices over \(R\), \(I_n\) the identity matrix of order \(n\) and \(0_{m,k}\) the null \(m \times k\) matrix. The author presents necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of a linear system \(Ax=b\), where \(A \in M_{m,n}(R)\), \(b \in M_{m,1}(R)\), with \(b \neq 0_{m,1}\). Let \(A \in M_{m,n}(R)\) be a matrix with \(\mathrm{rank}(A)=r\). If the first row of \(A\) is nonzero, there exists a matrix \(W \in \mathrm{GL}_n(R)\) such that \[ AW=H_A= \left[ \begin{matrix} H_1 & 0_{m_1,n-1} \\ H_2 & 0_{m_2,n-2} \\ \vdots & \vdots \\ H_r & 0_{m_r,n-r} \end{matrix} \right], \;\;m_1+m_2+ \cdots +m_r =m. \] If \(A \in M_{m,n}(R)\) is a matrix with \(\mathrm{rank}(A)=r\), in which the first \(k\) rows are zero and the \(k+1\) row is nonzero, there exists a matrix \(W \in \mathrm{GL}_n(R)\) such that \[ AW=H_A= \left[ \begin{matrix} & 0_{k,n} \\ H_1 & 0_{m_1,n-1} \\ H_2 & 0_{m_2,n-2} \\ \vdots & \vdots \\ H_r & 0_{m_r,n-r} \end{matrix} \right], \;\;k+m_1+m_2+ \cdots +m_r =m. \] The lower block-triangular matrix \(H_A\) is called the Hermitian form of matrix \(A\). The author proves that \(Ax=b\) is solvable if and only if the Hermitian forms of the matrices \([A \;0_{m,1}]\) and \([A \;b]\) coincide.