Cartesian decomposition and numerical radius inequalities (Q2261527)

Let \(\mathbb{B}(\mathscr{H})\) be the \(C^*\)-algebra of all bounded linear operators on a complex Hilbert space \(\mathscr{H}\). Some norm and numerical radius inequalities involving the Cartesian decomposition of an operator are proved. For instance, if \(T\in \mathbb{B}(\mathscr{H})\) and \(T=H+iK\) is its Cartesian decomposition, then the numerical radius of \(T\) can be expressed as \[ w(T)=\sup_{\alpha^2+\beta^2=1}\|\alpha H+\beta K\|,\qquad \tag{1} \] where the supremum is taken over real numbers \(\alpha, \beta\). For selfadjoint operators \(A, B\in \mathbb{B}(\mathscr{H})\) and a positive operator \(X\) such that \(mI\leq X\) for some positive real number \(m\), it is proved that \[ m\|A-B\|\leq w(AX-XB)\leq \|AX-XB\|, \tag{2} \] which is an improvement of Theorem 1 in [\textit{R. Bhatia} et al., Aequationes Math. 41, No. 1, 70--78 (1991; Zbl 0752.47005)]. Moreover, (2) is extended to arbitrary operators \(A, B\). In the particular case when \(A, B\) are unitary operators, the obtained result improves the estimates of Corollary 5 in [loc.\,cit.]. In the end, (1) and (2) are used to establish an upper and a lower bound for \(w(\operatorname{Re} (A)X-X \operatorname{Re} (B))\), where \(A, B, X\in \mathbb{B}(\mathscr{H})\) and \( mI\leq X\), for some positive real number \(m\).