Randwertprobleme und Methode der inneren Parallelen: eine gemeinsame Erweiterung zweier Ungleichungen von Pólya (Q2265841)

The method of interior parallels of Makai and Pólya [\textit{E. Makai,} Acta Sci. Math. 20, 33-35 (1959; Zbl 0089.424) and \textit{G. Pólya}, J. Ind. Math. Soc. 24 (1960), 413-419 (1961; Zbl 0131.202)] is applied to the boundary value problem \(\Delta u+\alpha u+1=0\) in G, \(u=0\) on \(\partial G\) containing the vibration of membranes and the torsion of rods as special cases. Optimal lower bounds (for the first eigenfrequency \(\lambda_ 1\) and torsional stiffness, resp.) are constructed using a ''strip area'' rather than the Euclidean distance of a point from the boundary in the Galerkin Ansatz. The general problem is discussed for the cases \(\alpha <0,\) \(0<\alpha <\lambda_ 1,\) \(\alpha \to -\infty,\) \(\alpha =0\) (torsion) and \(\alpha \to \lambda_ 1\) (membrane).