Goldstone theorem for Bose systems (Q2266206)

Let \(\omega\) be a translation invariant state of the algebra of observables \({\mathcal A}=\cup_{\Lambda}{\mathcal A}_{\Lambda}\), \(\Lambda\) is any open connected bounded region of \({\mathbb{R}}^{\nu}\). It is proved that under some simple assumptions the next theorem holds: If \(\nu\geq 3\) there is a weakly dense gauge invariant \({}^*\)-subalgebra \({\mathcal A}_{\omega}\) of \({\mathcal A}\) such that every \(A\in {\mathcal A}_{\omega}\) satisfies the cluster property: \(| \omega (A_ xA)- | \omega (A)^ 2| \leq C/(1+| x|)^{\alpha},\) \(C>0,\alpha >0\) where \(A_ x\) is the translation of A by \(x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{\nu}\). If \(\alpha >\nu -2\) for all \(A\in {\mathcal A}_{\omega}\), then the state \(\omega\) is gauge invariant. It means that in three or more dimensions (\(\nu\geq 3)\) if the correlation decay is faster than \(| x|^{-(\nu -2)}\) then gauge symmetry breaking is excluded. In one and two dimensions the gauge symmetry is always preserved.