Coexistence problem for the one-dimensional Schrödinger operators with the double or triple periodic \(\delta ^{(1)}\)-interactions (Q2268086)

This paper discusses the periodic and anti-periodic solutions to the eigenvalue problem for the 1D Schrödinger operator on the line, with a potential equal to a linear combination of \(\delta^{(1)}\) singularities for \(x=2\pi\ell\), \(\kappa_1+2\pi\ell\) and \(\kappa_2+2\pi\ell\), where \(\kappa_1\) and \(\kappa_2\) belong to \((0,2\pi)\), and \(\ell\) runs through \(\mathbb Z\). Here, \(\delta^{(1)}\) is defined by the relation \((\delta^{(1)}(x-t))(\varphi)=-{1\over 2}[\varphi'(t+0)+\varphi'(t-0)]\), for every \(\varphi\) with compact support, and with infinitely many bounded derivatives on \((-\infty,t)\) and \((t,+\infty)\); such test functions may exhibit a jump for \(x=t\). The problem is converted into a constant-coefficient problem with boundary conditions at the singularities, and solved in closed form. Conditions on the potential ensuring the degeneracy of spectral gaps are given.