Littlewood-Paley-Stein \(g_k\)-functions for Fourier-Bessel expansions (Q2269682)

Consider the differential operator \[ L_{\alpha} = -\Delta - \frac{2\alpha +1}{x}\frac{d}{dx}, \quad \alpha > -1. \] Let \(\{ s_{n, \alpha}\}\) denote the sequence of successive positive zeros of the Bessel function \(J_{\alpha}\). The functions \[ \phi_{n}^{\alpha}(x)= d_{n, \alpha} s_{n, \alpha}^{1/2} J_{\alpha}(s_{n, \alpha} x) x^{-\alpha}, \quad n=1,2,3, \ldots \] with \[ d_{n, \alpha} = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{ | s_{n, \alpha}^{1/2} J_{\alpha+1}(s_{n, \alpha} ) |} \] are eigenfunctions of \(L_{\alpha}\), and the system \(\{ \phi_n^{\alpha} \}\) is a complete orthonormal basis in \(L^2((0,1), x^{2\alpha +1} dx)\). The Fourier-Bessel expansion of a function \(f\) is \[ f=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n(f) \phi_n^{\alpha}, \] where \[ a_n(f)=\int_0^1 f(y) \phi_n^{\alpha}(y) y^{2\alpha +1} dy. \] For \(0<r<1\), the Poisson integral \(P_r^{\alpha}f\) is defined by \[ P_r^{\alpha}f (x) = \int_0^{1} P_r^{\alpha}(x,y) f(y) y^{2\alpha +1} dy, \] where \[ P_r^{\alpha}(x,y)= \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}r^n \phi_n^{\alpha} (x) \phi_n^{\alpha} (y). \] Inspired by [\textit{S. Thangavelu}, Lectures on Hermite and Laguerre expansions. Mathematical Notes (Princeton). 42. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (1993; Zbl 0791.41030)], the authors define \(g_k\)-functions by \[ (g_k(f,x))^2 = \int_0^1 \Big| \Big( r \frac{\partial}{\partial r} \Big)^k P_r^{\alpha}f(x) \Big|^2 \Big( \log \frac{1}{r} \Big)^{2k-1} \frac{dr}{r} \] for each integer \(k \geq 1\), and they prove the following. Let \(A_p^{\alpha}((0,1), x^{2\alpha +1}dx)\) be the Muckenhoupt weight class. If \(w \in A_p^{\alpha}\), then \[ \| g_k (f) \|_{L^p ((0,1), w(x)x^{2\alpha +1}dx )} \approx \| f \|_{L^p ((0,1), w(x)x^{2\alpha +1}dx )} \] where \(1<p<\infty\). They prove this result by showing that \(g_k\) can be seen as vector-valued operator taking values in a Banach space.