On the cusp forms for the congruence subgroups of \(\text{SL}_{2}(\mathbb R)\) (Q2270205)

In this paper the author employs his method of compactly supported Poincaré series, developed in [Compos. Math. 146, No. 1, 1--20 (2010; Zbl 1248.11038)], [Math. Ann. 343, No. 1, 207--227 (2009; Zbl 1185.11037)] to the study of Maass forms. Of specific interest are those Maass forms which generate an irreducible \((\mathfrak{sl}_2(\mathbb{C}), \text{SO}_2(\mathbb{R}))\)-module isomorphic to the nonspherical principal series representation \(\pi_\infty(s)\) of \(\text{SL}_2(\mathbb{R}),\) induced from the character \(\text{diag}(a,a^{-1}) \mapsto |a|^s sign(a)\) for some pure imaginary number \(s.\) First, using the results of this earlier paper on adelic Poincaré series, he shows that for any fixed prime \(p_0\) and any fixed supercuspidal representation \(\pi_{p_0}\) of \(\text{SL}_2(\mathbb{Q}_{p_0})\) with nontrivial central character, \[ \left\{ s \in i\mathbb{R} \mid \pi_\infty(s) \otimes \pi_{p_0} \otimes \bigotimes_{v \neq \infty, p_0}\mid\pi_{v} \text{ is automorphic for some }\{\pi_v\mid v \neq \infty, p_0\} \right\} \] is infinite. (An \((\mathfrak{sl}_2(\mathbb{C}),\text{SO}_2(\mathbb{R}))\times \text{SL}_2( \mathbb{A}_f)\)-module \(\bigotimes_{v}'\pi_v\) is said to be automorphic if it is isomorphic to some subquotient of the space of automorphic forms \(\text{SL}_2(\mathbb{Q}) \backslash \text{SL}_2( \mathbb{A}_{\mathbb{Q}}) \to \mathbb{C}\)). Next, the author proves the existence of supercuspidal representations of \(\text{SL}_2(\mathbb{Q}_p)\) stabilized by certain large subgroups of \(\text{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z}_p),\) which correspond in a natural way with the principal congruence subgroup \(\Gamma(N).\) From this, he deduces that for any \(N \geq 3\) there are infinitely many Maass forms for the principal congruence subgroup \(\Gamma(N),\) each of which generates a \((\mathfrak{sl}_2(\mathbb{C}), \text{SO}_2(\mathbb{R}))\)-module which is isomorphic to \(\pi_\infty(s)\) for a different value of \(s\). (If \(N=1\) or \(2\) then \(-I \in \Gamma(N),\) and hence no such form can exist.) This can be formulated classically by saying that for each \(N \geq 3,\) there are infinitely many Maass forms of weight \(1\) for \(\Gamma(N),\) having infinitely many distinct eigenvalues for the weight \(1\) Laplace operator.