Good Banach spaces for piecewise hyperbolic maps via interpolation (Q2272079)

Let \(X\) be a Riemannian manifold of dimension \(d\), and let \(X_0\) be a compact subset of \(X\). Definition 1. For \(\alpha >0\), we say that a map \(T:X_0\to X_0\) is a piecewise \(C^{1+\alpha}\) hyperbolic map with smooth stable distribution if 1. There exists an integrable \(C^{1+\alpha}\) distribution of \(d_s\)-dimensional subspaces \(E_s\) on a neighbourhood of \(X_0\). 2. There exists a finite number of disjoint open subsets \(O_1,\dots ,O_I\) of \(X_0\), covering Lebesgue-almost all \(X_0\) whose boundaries are unions of finitely many compact \(C^1\) hypersurfaces with boundary. 3. For \(1\leq i\leq I\) there exists a \(C^{1+\alpha}\) map \(T_i\) defined on a neighbourhood of \(\overline{O_i}\), which is a diffeomorphism onto its image, such that \(T|O_i=T_i\). 4. For any \(x\in\overline{O_i}\), there exists \(\lambda _s(x) <1\) such that, for any \(v\in E^s(x)\), \(DT_i(x) v\in E^s(T_i(x))\) and \(|DT_i(x) v|\leq\lambda _s(x) |v|\). 5. There exists a family of cones \(C^u(x)\), depending continuously on \(x\in X_0\), with \(C^u(x) +E^s(x) =T_x X\), such that for any \(x\in\overline{O_i}\), \(DT_i(x) C^u(x) \subset C^u(T_i(x))\), and there exists \(\lambda _u(x) >1\) such that \(|DT_i(x) v|\geq\lambda _u(x) |v|\) for any \(v\in C^u(x)\). Definition 2. Let \(K\subset X_0\) be a compact hypersurface with boundary and let \(L\in\mathbb Z_+\). For \(x\in K\setminus\partial K\), we say that a vector \(a\in E^s(x)\) is \(L\)-generic with respect to \(K\) if, for any \(C^1\) vector field \(v\) defined on a neighbourhood of \(x\), with \(v(x) =a\) and \(v(y)\in E^s(y)\) for any \(y\), there exists a smaller neighbourhood of \(x\) in which the intersection of Lebesgue-almost every integral line of \(v\) with \(K\) has at most \(L\) points. Definition 3. Let \(T:X_0\to X_0\) be a piecewise hyperbolic map with smooth stable distribution. We say that \(T\) satisfies the weak transversality condition if there exists \(L>0\) such that for any \(K\subset\bigcup _{i=1}^I\partial O_i\) which is a hypersurface with boundary, there exists a larger hypersurface with boundary \(K^{\prime}\) (containing \(K\) in its interior) such that, for any \(x\in K^{\prime}\setminus\partial K^{\prime}\), the set of tangent vectors at \(x\) that are \(L\)-generic with respect to \(K^{\prime}\) has full Lebesgue measure in \(E^s(x)\). Definition 4. For \(1<p<\infty\), \(t,t_-\in\mathbb R\), we define a space \(H^{t,t_-}_p\) of distributions in \(\mathbb R^d\) as the (tempered) distributions \(u\) such that \[ \mathcal F^{-1}((1+|\xi |^2+|\eta |^2) ^{\frac{t}{2}}(1+|\eta| ^2) ^{\frac{t_-}{2}}\mathcal F u)\in L_p, \] with its canonical norm (here \(\mathcal F\) denotes the Fourier transform in \(\mathbb R ^d\) and \(\zeta=(\xi ,\eta)\in\mathbb R^d=\mathbb R^{d_u}\times\mathbb R^{d_s})\). Definition 5. Let \(t\geq 0\), \(t+t_-\leq 0\) and \(t+|t_-|<\alpha <1\). Fix a finite number of \(C^{1+\alpha}\) charts \(\kappa _1,\dots ,\kappa _J\) whose derivatives send \(E^s\) to \(\left\{ 0\right\}\times\mathbb R^{d_s}\), and whose domains of definition cover a compact neighbourhood of \(X_0\), and a partition of unity \(\rho _1 ,\dots ,\rho _J\), such that the support of \(\rho _j\) is completely contained in the domain of \(\kappa _j\), and \(\sum\rho _j=1\) on \(X_0\). The space \(\mathcal H^{t,t_-}_p\) is then the space of distributions \(u\) supported on \(X_0\) such that \((\rho _ju)\circ\kappa _j\) belongs to \(H^{t,t_-}_p\) for all \(j\), endowed with the norm \[ \|u\|_{\mathcal H^{t,t_-}_p} = \sum \|(\rho _j u)\circ\kappa ^{-1}_j\|_{H^{t,t_-}_p}. \] The main theorem of the paper is the following spectral theorem for smooth stable distributions: Let \(\alpha\in(0;1]\). Let \(T\) be a piecewise \(C^{1+\alpha}\) hyperbolic map with smooth stable distribution, satisfying the weak transversality condition. Let \(1<p<\infty\) and let \(t,t_-\) be so that \(\frac{1}{p}-1<t_-<0<t<\frac{1}{p}\), \(t+t_-<0\) and \(t+|t_-|<\alpha\). Let \(g:X_0\to \mathbb C\) be a function such that the restriction of \(g\) to any \(O_i\) admits a \(C^{\alpha}\) extension to \(\overline{O_i}\). Define an operator \(\mathcal L _g\) acting on bounded functions by \((\mathcal L _g u)(x) =\sum_{Ty=x}g(y) u(y)\). Then \(\mathcal L _g\) acts continuously on \(\mathcal H^{t,t_-}_p\). Moreover, its essential spectral radius is at most \[ \lim_{n\to\infty}(D^b_n ) ^{\frac{1}{pn}}(D^e_n)^{\frac{1}{n}(1-\frac{1}{p})}\|g^{(n)} |\det DT^n|^{\frac{1}{p}}\max(\lambda^{-t}_{u,n},\lambda^{-(t+t_-)}_{s,n}) \|^{\frac{1}{n}}_{L_{\infty}}, \] where \(g^{(n)}=\prod_{j=0}^{n-1}g\circ T^j\).