Integral characterizations for timelike and spacelike curves on the Lorentzian sphere \(S^3_1\) (Q2272271)

The authors first recall the Frenet formulas for a (nondegenerate) curve in Minkowski 4-space. Three cases need to be considered depending on which vector of the frame is time-like. They also derive the conditions for a curve to be contained in a sphere (similar to the classical theorem for curves in \(3\)-space). The proofs follows closely the methods introduced in [\textit{V. Dannon}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 81, 600--602 (1981; Zbl 0454.53002)] for the study of spherical curves in Euclidean 4-space.