The fermionic signature operator in the exterior Schwarzschild geometry (Q2273635)

The fermionic signature operator (FSO) related to the spectral geometry in Lorentzian signature can be used for description of quasi-free Dirac states. In this paper for the first time we have the FSO in a black hole geometry (the exterior Schwarzschild geometry). Because of the horizon events there are some necessary modifications, which are given in Sect. 2. The FSO arises when representing the space-time inner product \(<.|.>\) with respect to the scalar product \((.|.)_m\) and for example leads to \(S_m\) symmetric bounded operator on Hilbert space. But this operator cannot be used in infinite lifetime space-times thus a mass oscillations are used with Dirac wave functions. But in an exterior of the black hole these waves may cross the event horizon and disappear. Authors derive a so-called mass decomposition (Theorem 3.3). It defines the FSO \(S_m\) and properties of this operator are also analyzed. A proposed operator contains rich information about black whole geometry. \par The whole paper is divided into 6 sections. After the introduction in Sect. 1 a background on the Dirac equation in globally hyperbolic space-times and in the exterior Schwarzschild geometry is given in Sect. 2. The proposed mass decomposition is derived in Sect. 3. Next Section shows the details about \(S_m\) fermionic signature operator. In Sect. 5 the definition and analysis of fermionic flux operator \(B_m\) is also shown. The last Section gives the final results.