Ax-Schanuel for Shimura varieties (Q2273996)

Along the line of the previous works [\textit{J. Tsimerman}, Lond. Math. Soc. Lect. Note Ser. 421, 216--221 (2015; Zbl 1352.11061); \textit{B. Klingler} et al., Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 123, 333--360 (2016; Zbl 1372.14016); \textit{J. Pila} and \textit{J. Tsimerman}, Duke Math. J. 165, No. 13, 2587--2605 (2016; Zbl 1419.11093)], this paper provides a transcendence result for the uniformization map~\(q\colon\Omega\rightarrow X\) from a bounded Hermitian symmetric domain~\(\Omega\) to a connected and pure Shimura variety~\(X\). More precisely, viewing \(\Omega\) as an open subset of its compact dual~\(\hat{\Omega}\), which has the structure of a projective variety, let \(W\subseteq\Omega\times X\) be an algebraic subvariety such that \(W=\hat{W}\cap(\Omega\times X)\) for some irreducible subvariety~\(\hat{W}\subseteq\hat{\Omega}\times X\). The main theorem states that any irreducible component~\(U\) of the intersection of \(W\) with the graph of \(q\) which is ``atypical in dimension'', i.e.\ \(\dim U>\dim W-\dim X\), projects into a proper weakly special subvariety of \(X\). The proof builds upon the techniques developed in the above-mentioned works, including powerful o-minimality results, with the new idea of putting \(W\) in a natural algebraic family of varieties. The authors expect that the above statement may find application to the Zilber-Pink conjecture, in an analogous way as similar previous results were applied to the André-Oort conjecture. The paper also contains an upgrade of the main theorem which takes into account the derivatives of \(q\), in the same style as a previous statement from [\textit{J. Pila} and \textit{J. Tsimerman}, Compos. Math. 149, No. 2, 204--216 (2013; Zbl 1304.11055)]. This upgrade is carried out in the framework of jet spaces, where one can apply similar techniques as those outlined above, together with a generalization (over \(\mathbb{C}\)) of a result of Bertrand-Zudilin from [\textit{D. Bertrand} and \textit{W. Zudilin}, J. Reine Angew. Math. 554, 47--68 (2003; Zbl 1130.11020)]. The differential equations satisfied by \(q\) are then analysed by means of a notion of Schwarzian derivative for Hermitian symmetric domains. Finally, a variant of the main theorem is formulated in the setting of a differential field and proved to be equivalent to its upgraded version.