Stability of foliations of 4-manifolds by Klein bottles (Q2276811)

Let \(Fol^ r_ q(M)\) be the set of codimension q \(C^{\infty}\)- foliations of a closed manifold M provided with a natural weak \(C^ r\)- topology (0\(\leq r\leq \infty)\) [\textit{M. Hirsch}, ``Stability of compact leaves of foliations'', Dynamical Systems, Proc. Symp. Univ. Bahia, Salvador 1971, 135-153 (1973; Zbl 0272.57015)]. A foliation F of \(Fol^ r_ q(M)\) is \(C^ r\)-stable if there exists a neighborhood V of F such that every foliation in V has a compact leaf. Given a leaf L of F, there is a finite subgroup G(L) of O(2) \((q=2)\) such that G(L) acts freely on a generic leaf \(L_ 0\) [\textit{D. Epstein}, Ann. Inst. Fourier 26, No.1, 265-282 (1976; Zbl 0313.57017)]. The leaf L is a rotation leaf if \(G(L)={\mathbb{Z}}_ m\). If F has a rotation leaf, ten F is \(C^ 1\)-stable, that is, any \(C^ 1\)-perturbation of F has a compact leaf. The main result of this paper is the following Theorem: Let F be a foliation of a closed 4-manifold M by Klein bottles and M/F its leaf space. If \(\chi (M/F)^ 2+\chi_ V(M/F)^ 2\neq 0\), then F is \(C^ 1\)-stable, where \(\chi\) (M/F) denotes the Euler characteristic of M/F.