Sub-arithmetical ultrapowers: A survey (Q2276952)

A sub-arithmetical ultrapower is a restricted ultraproduct of \(\omega\) obtained by factorization of the \(\Delta_ n\)-definable total functions on \(\omega\) by a nonprincipal ultrafilter on the \(\Delta_ n\)-definable subsets of \(\omega\). The survey contains an extensive discussion of model theory of such ultrapowers. Topics discussed include: embeddings of sub- arithmetical ultrapowers into models of fragments of true arithmetic; minimality and rigidness; constructions of many nonisomorphic models of fragments of true arithmetic; results related to the theory of isols and Nerode semirings; cofinal extensions and end extensions; existential completeness and its generalization. The material is presented in a very clear and accessible way. Many results are direct generalizations of resuls known for the \(\Delta_ 1\)-ultrapowers [cf. \textit{J. Hirschfeld} and \textit{W. Wheeler}, Forcing, arithmetic, division rings (Lect. Notes Math. 454) (1975; Zbl 0304.02024)] but there are also many new developments and interesting open problems.