A method for generating isospectral and nonisospectral hierarchies of equations as well as symmetries (Q2279212)

The aim of this paper is to apply an improved Tu scheme [\textit{G. Tu}, J. Math. Phys. 30, No. 2, 330--338 (1989; Zbl 0678.70015)] to obtain two isospectral- and nonisospectral hierarchies of evolution equations. An isospectral and nonisospectral problem related to isospectral and nonisospectral integrable hierarchies is presented. This includes the generalized Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equations and the cylinder-KdV equation with variable coefficients. One of the generalized KdV equations generalizes a known variable-coefficient integrable equation. The authors obtain for this equation infinite sets of symmetries and conserved densities. As a second application, an isospectral and nonisospectral AKNS-Kaup-Newell soliton hierarchy is derived from a proper spectral problem whose symmetries and \(\tau\)-symmetries are found by applying Lie group analysis. A special reduction gives a generalized sine-Gordon equation.