Euler, Stirling, and Wallis: a case study in the notion of equivalence between theorems (Q2282931)

Summary: The notion that two theorems may be equivalent to each other is sometimes met with hesitation. In this article we tell a story that shows that there is something interesting and useful in this notion. We look at the following three results: Stirling's formula, Wallis' product formula, and the evaluation of the probability integral. The task of giving \textit{simple} proofs of these results is the object of unabated attention. In order to enhance our understanding of these results, we show in a precise way that these results are indeed \textit{equivalent} to each other.