Complete dynamical analysis for a nonlinear HTLV-I infection model with distributed delay, CTL response and immune impairment (Q2284915)

This paper presents a global dynamical analysis for a nonlinear HTLV-I infective model with distributed delay and immune impairment. The model has intracellular distributed delay, nonlinear incidence rate, nonlinear lytic as well as non-lytic cytotoxic T lymphocytes responses and immune impairment and reads as \(x'=\lambda-dx-g(x,y)q(z)\), \(y'=\sigma\int_{0}^{\infty}k(\tau)g(x(t-\tau),y(t-\tau))q(z(t-\tau))\,d\tau-ay-yp(z)\), and \(z'=cy-bz-myz\), where \(x,y,z\) are the concentrations of healthy T-cells, infected T-cells and the effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes at time \(t\). Moreover, \(g(x,y)=\beta xy/[(1+\alpha_1x)(1+\alpha_2y)]\) is the Crowley-Martin functional response, \(\alpha_1,\alpha_2>0\), \(q(z)=1/(1+q_0z)\), \(p(z)=p_0z/(1+\omega z)\). The parameter \(0\le\sigma \le 1\) is a fraction of cells newly infected through contacts that survive the antibody immune response. \(m\) is immune impairment rate of virus and \(\omega\) is the inhibitory rate from non-lytic cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the saturated function \(p(z)\). The well-posedness of this model is shown under certain conditions. The local stability, uniform persistence and global stability are discussed. Global sensitivity analysis is conducted for the basic reproduction number \(R_0\) and some simulations are illustrated.