On the oscillation behavior of solutions to the heat equation on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) (Q2285466)

The authors consider the heat equation \(u_t(x,t)=\Delta u(x,t)\) with the initial condition \(u(x,0) = \varphi(x)\), \(x \in \mathbb R^n\), and its classic solution \(u(x,t)=\frac{1}{(4\pi t)^{n/2}} \int_{\mathbb R^n} \exp[-\frac{|x-y|^2}{4t}] \varphi(y) dy\). It is shown that if the initial data \(\varphi(x)\) is unbounded, this solution is not necessary unique. Other examples for both bounded and unbounded \(\varphi(x)\) are discussed.