The Eneström-Kakeya theorem for polynomials of a quaternionic variable (Q2286227)

For \(q\) in the quaternions \[\mathcal H=\{\alpha+\beta\mathbf i+\gamma\mathbf j+\delta\mathbf k\mid\alpha,\beta,\gamma,\delta\in\mathbf R \text{ and } i,j,k \text{ satisfy } \mathbf i^2=\mathbf j^2=\mathbf k^2=-1\},\] the modulus \(|q|=\sqrt{\alpha^2+\beta^2+\gamma^2+\delta^2}.\) Observing that the proof of the well-known Enestrom-Kakeya Theorem only requires the Triangle Inequality for modulus and the Maximum Modulus Theorem both of which hold in the quaternions [\textit{G. Gentili} and \textit{D. C. Struppa}, Adv. Math. 216, No. 1, 279--301 (2007; Zbl 1124.30015)], the authors extend the Enestrom-Kakeya Theorem to functions of a quaternionic variable as follows: If \(p(q)=\sum_{l=0}^n q^l a_l\) is a polynomial of degree \(n\) (where \( q\) is a quaternionic variable ) with real coefficients satisfying \(0\leq a_0\leq a_1\leq\dots\leq a_n\), then all the zeros of \(p\) lie in \(|q| \leq 1 \). Using a multiplicity theorem of \textit{G. Gentili} and \textit{D. C. Struppa} [Milan J. Math. 76, 15--25 (2008; Zbl 1194.30054)], the extended theorem is seen to be best possible. Also extended to quaternionic polynomials are theorems on location of zeros for complex polynomials in [\textit{N. K. Govil} and \textit{Q. I. Rahman}, Tohoku Math. J. (2) 20, 126--136 (1968; Zbl 0194.10201)] and in [\textit{A. Joyal} et al., Can. Math. Bull. 10, 53--63 (1967; Zbl 0152.06102)].