On the Poincaré-Adronov-Melnikov method for the existence of grazing impact periodic solutions of differential equations (Q2286692)

The authors consider discontinuous systems of differential equations defined on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) such that the system is discontinuous on a certain hypersurface \(S \subset \mathbb{R}^n\). A periodic solution that touches \(S\) tangentially is called a \textit{grazing periodic solution}. Using the notation of the paper, a map \(\Gamma\) is supposed to act on the discontinuity manifold \(S\) in such a way that when a solution hits \(S\) in some point \(\bar{x}\) at an instant \(\bar{t}\), then this map acts on it and sends the solution immediately to the point \(\Gamma(\bar{x})\). Solutions satisfying this property are called \textit{impact solutions}. The authors study the existence of grazing impact solutions in perturbed discontinuous differential equations assuming that the unperturbed discontinuous differential equation has a solution of the same kind. The authors define a Poincaré map, called the grazing-impact Poincaré map, whose fixed points correspond to grazing impact solutions. Then, they derive Poincaré-Andronov-Melnikov conditions to ensure the existence of these kind of solutions in a perturbed system. Some example to illustrate this theory are provided.