Orthogonality in locally convex spaces: two nonlinear generalizations of Neumann's lemma (Q2287264)

For real Banach spaces \(X,Y\), let \({\mathcal L}(X,Y)\) be the space of bounded linear maps. This interesting paper considers variations on the classical result of Neumann on the invertibility of an operator \(A\) depending on its proximity to a scalar multiple of the identity. One of the main results (Theorem 4) depends on a bound by \(k\|A\|\) for some \(k \in (0, \frac{1}{2})\). For not necessarily linear maps \(A\), the validity of the estimate \(\|(A(x)- \alpha x)- (A(y)-\alpha y)\|\leq k\|A(x)-A(y)\|\) for all \(x,y \in X\) and for some \(\alpha >0\), lead to the invertibility of \(A\). The results of this paper extend and unify several known results in the literature.