Asymptotic problems for nonlinear ordinary differential equations with \(\varphi\)-Laplacian (Q2287276)

The authors study the nonlinear differential equation \[ (a(t)\varphi(x'))'+b(t)|x|^\gamma \mathop{\mathrm{sgn}} x=0,\tag{1}\] where \(\varphi :\mathbb{R}\to(-\sigma , \sigma)\) with \(0<\sigma\leq \infty\) is odd, continuous, strictly increasing and bijective with \(\varphi^{-1}(\sigma)=\infty\). The real valued functions \(a(t)\) and \(b(t)\) are positive and continuous, \(\gamma\neq 1\). It is assumed \[\int_{t_0}^\infty \frac 1{a(t)}\,\mathrm dt=\infty,\] \[\int_{t_0}^\infty b(t)\,\mathrm dt<\infty\] and there exists a positive constant \(c\) such that \(\varphi(u)\) satisfies \[ \lim_{u\to 0}\frac{\varphi(u)}{u} =c.\] The solution \(x\) is is said to be oscillatory if there exists a sequence \(\{t_n\}\) tending to \(\infty\) such that \(x(t_n)=0\). An important particular special case of equation (1) is the Emden-Fowler equation \[ (a(t)x')'+b(t)|x|^\gamma \mathop{\mathrm{sgn}} x=0.\tag{2}\] The authors present results of several types. A necessary and sufficient condition is presented to ensure that all nontrivial solutions of the equations under consideration are oscillatory. The sufficient conditions which ensure the existence of weakly increasing solutions (\(x(t)\to\infty\) and \(x'(t)\to 0 \) as \(t\to\infty\)) and also the existence of extremal solutions (\(x(t)\to\infty\) and \(x'(t)\to\infty\) as \(t\to\infty\)) are also provided. Examples which illustrate the novelty and applicability of the results are also given.