Deformations of algebraic schemes via Reedy-Palamodov cofibrant resolutions (Q2288219)

The authors construct a differential graded Lie algebra \(\mathrm{Der}_k(R,R)\) controlling infinitesimal flat deformations of a separated \(k\)-scheme \(X\) where \(k\) is a field of characteristic \(0\). This is an application of the homotopy-theoretic deformation theory they develop in [\textit{M. Manetti}: ``Formal deformation theory in left-proper model categories'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1802.06707}] and translates Palamodov's resolvent of a complex space into the algebraic category. Bases of deformations are non-positive local Artin dg algebras \(A \in \mathbf{DGArt}^{\leq 0}_k\), a derived analogue of classical local Artin algebras which are recovered as dg algebras concentrated in degree \(0\). In case \(X = \mathrm{Spec}\ S\) is affine (treated in the above mentioned work), cofibrant deformations \(A \to S_A\) of \(k \to S\) up to weak equivalence in the model category \(\mathbf{CDGA}^{\leq 0}_k\) form a (derived) deformation functor \[ \mathrm{Def}_S: \mathbf{DGArt}^{\leq 0}_k \to \mathbf{Set} \] which generalizes flat deformations of \(S\). Taking a cofibrant resolution \(R \to S\), the deformation functor \(\mathrm{Def}_S\) is controlled by the dgla \(\mathrm{Der_k(R,R)}\) of derivations of \(R\). The authors call \(R \to S\) a (local) \textit{Tate-Quillen resolution} as it is the dg analogue of Quillen's simplicial resolution of rings and a generalization of the Koszul-Tate resolution. The dgla \(\mathrm{Der}_k(R,R)\) corresponds to the tangent complex in complex geometry. The paper under review treats the general, non-affine case. Here the model category \(\mathbf{CDGA}^{\leq 0}_k\) is replaced by the (Reedy) model category \[ \mathbf{M} := \mathrm{Fun}(\mathcal{N}, \mathbf{CDGA}^{\leq 0}_k) \] of diagrams of shape \(\mathcal{N}\) where \(\mathcal{N}\) is the nerve of an affine covering \(\{\mathcal{U}_\alpha\}\) of \(X\). The algebra \(S\) is replaced by the diagram \(S_\bullet \in \mathbf{M}\) of sections \(S_\alpha = \Gamma(U_\alpha,\mathcal{O}_X)\) on the opens from which \(X\) can be recovered by gluing. For a dg Artin algebra \(A \in \mathbf{DGArt}^{\leq 0}_k\), cofibrant deformations \(\Delta A \to S_{A\bullet}\) over the constant diagram \(\Delta A\) up to weak equivalence yield a deformation functor \[ \mathrm{Def}_{S_\bullet}: \mathbf{DGArt}^{\leq 0}_k \to \mathbf{Set} \] which generalizes flat deformations of \(X\). Again a cofibrant resolution \(R_\bullet \to S_\bullet\) in \(\mathbf{M}\) provides a dgla controlling the deformation functor. The authors call such a cofibrant resolution a \textit{Reedy-Palamodov resolvent}. Whereas the first name refers to the use of the direct Reedy category \(\mathcal{N}\) and the Reedy model structure on \(\mathbf{M}\), the second honours Palamodov's globalization of Tyurina's semifree resolution of an analytic algebra by means of polyhedral coverings which yields the tangent complex and the tangent cohomology of a complex space.