Some bifurcation results for fractional Laplacian problems (Q2288392)

The authors use bifurcation theory to study nonlocal problems of the form \[ \left(-\Delta\right)^su=\lambda u+f(\lambda, x,u)\text{ in }\Omega, \] \[u=0\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^N\setminus \Omega, \] where \(\left(-\Delta\right)^s\) is the fractional Laplacian operator (\(s\in(0,1)\)), \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^N\) is a bounded domain with \(C^{1,1}\) boundary and \(\lambda\in\mathbb{R}\) is a bifurcation parameter. The nonlinear perturbation \(f:\mathbb{R}\times\Omega\times\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}\) is a Carathéodory function that is sublinear at infinity in the following sense: \[ (H1)\text{ there exist constants }a>0\text{ and }\beta\in (0,1)\text{ such that } \] \[ \vert f(\lambda,x,\sigma)\vert\leq a\left( 1+\vert\sigma\vert^\beta \right)\text{ for all }\sigma\in\mathbb{R}\text{ and a.e. }x\in\Omega. \] The authors use bifurcation theory to establish the existence of continua of the solution set bifurcating from infinity at the principal eigenvalue of \(\left(-\Delta\right)^s\) and discuss the nodal properties of solutions on these continua. The authors establish multiplicity of solutions near the resonance and the existence of solutions in the rsesonant case. As corollaries, they obtain an anti-maximum principle and solvability for the resonant case satisfying the so called Landesman-Lazer type condition. Specifically, the authors prove the existence of solutions for the following problem at resonance: \[ \left(-\Delta\right)^su-\mu_1u+\tilde{f}(u)=\gamma(x)\text{ in }\Omega, \] \[u=0\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^N\setminus \Omega, \] where \(\gamma\in L^\infty (\Omega)\) and \(\tilde{f}:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\) is continuous satisfying \[ \tilde{f}(+\infty)\int_\Omega \varphi_1(x)dx<\int_\Omega \gamma(x)\varphi_1(x)dx<\tilde{f}(-\infty)\int_\Omega \varphi_1(x)dx. \] Here \(\tilde{f}(\pm \infty)=\lim_{\sigma\to\pm\infty}\tilde{f}(\sigma)\), \(\mu_1\) is the first eigenvalue and \(\varphi_1\) is the first eigenfunction.