Optimal Hölder-Zygmund exponent of semi-regular refinable functions (Q2291476)

Let \(\mathbb Z\) and \(\mathbb{N}\) denote the set of integers and natural numbers respectively. Consider the system of refinable functions \[\mathfrak{F}=\left\{ \phi_k : k\in \mathbb Z \right\}\bigcup \left\{ \psi_{j,k} : k\in \mathbb Z, j\in \mathbb{N} \right\} , \] such that \(\mathfrak{F}\) forms a tight frame for \(L^2(\mathbb R),\) i.e., for \(f\in L^2({\mathbb R}),\) \[ f=\sum_{k} \langle f, \phi_k \rangle \phi_k +\sum_{j}\sum_{k}\langle f, \psi_{j,k}\rangle \psi_{j,k}, \; \] where \(\left\{ \psi_{j,k}\right\}\) has \(\nu\) vanishing moments and the elements of \( \mathfrak{F} \) satisfy several other growth conditions that are too technical to be stated here. The aim of this article is to generalize previous results obtained by \textit{Y. Meyer} [Wavelets and operators. Translated by D. H. Salinger. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1992; Zbl 0776.42019)] on the characterization of Besov spaces in terms of the system \( \mathfrak{F} \) and in which \( \mathfrak{F} \) consists of compactly supported orthogonal wavelet system with vanishing moments. The first main result of this article is to give a characterization of the Hölder spaces \( B^r_{\infty, \infty}=C^r \bigcap L^\infty (\mathbb R)\) for \(r\in (0,\infty)\backslash \mathbb{N},\) in terms of the function system \( \mathfrak{F} .\) This result is then extended to the Hölder -Zygmund spaces \; \(B^r_{\infty, \infty}, \mbox{ for } r\in \mathbb{N},\) where these spaces are characterized using suitable irregular wavelet tight frames. Tools for computing frame coefficients in the semi-regular case are presented. The authors introduce what they call the optimal Hölder-Zygmund (regularity) exponent of \(f\in L^\infty (\mathbb R)\) as \[ r(f)=\sup \left\{ r>0, f\in B^r_{\infty, \infty}\right\}, \] and then propose a numerical approach for estimating the optimal Hölder-Zygmund exponent of refinable functions. The article is concluded with numerical examples illustrating some of the results.