A family of orthogonal rational functions and other orthogonal systems with a skew-Hermitian differentiation matrix (Q2291572)

In [Found. Comput. Math. 19, No. 6, 1191--1221 (2019; Zbl 1428.42048)] the authors considered on orthogonal system \(\Phi=[\varphi_0,\varphi_1,\ldots]^T\) for \(L^2(\mathbb{R})\) that gives a skew-symmetric tridiagonal differentiation matrix \(M\) (i.e., where \(\Phi'=M\Phi\)). The purpose of this paper is to generalize this to the complex skew-Hermitian case. The \(\varphi_n\) are simple rational functions that can be obtained as weighted Fourier transforms of orthogonal polynomials \(P=\{p_n\}\) with respect to a Borel measure and all possible systems \(\Phi\) can be obtained as simple transforms of a canonical set. For the Laguerre weight this gives for example the classical Malmquist-Takenaka (MT) basis. Recursive Fourier-based procedures allow to compute all the \(\varphi_n\) recursively. A connection is also made with chromatic expansions (see e.g. [\textit{A. I. Zayed}, Integral Transforms Spec. Funct. 22, No. 4--5, 383--390 (2011; Zbl 1229.94040)]). The MT basis is considered in more detail, and the expansion coefficients in this basis can be approximated using FFT. The order of decay of the expansion coefficients is known for some examples but in general however, the speed of convergence is still uncertain.