Real-valued functions and some related spaces II (Q2291604)

Metrizable spaces and several generalized metric spaces (such as semi-metrizable, first countable, semi-stratifiable, developable, Nagata, \(\gamma\)-spaces, \(\sigma\)-spaces) are characterized in terms of continuous and lower and upper semi-continuous real valued functions on these spaces. The results are of the following kind: a space \(X\) has a property \(\mathcal P\) if and only if for each \(x\in X\) there is a continuous or upper semi continuous real-valued function \(f_x\) satisfying corresponding conditions. Notice that in an earlier paper the author has obtained similar results taking closed or compact subsets \(A\) of \(X\) and functions \(f_A\) instead of points \(x\) and functions \(f_x\). Sample results: (1) A Hausdorff space \(X\) is metrizable if and only if for each \(x \in X\), there exists an upper semi-continuous function \(f_x:X \to \mathbb R\) satisfying conditions (e): \(f_x(x) =0\), (S): for all \(x,y \in X\), \(f_x(y) = f_y(x)\), and (\(\Gamma\)): if \(\max\{f_x(y_n), f_{y_n}(x_n)\}\to 0\), then \(x\) is a cluster point of the sequence \(\langle x_n\rangle\); (2) \(X\) is a Moore space if and only if for each \(x\in X\) there are an upper semi-continuous function \(f_x\) satisfying (e) and a lower semi-continuous function \(h_x \le f_x\) satisfying (D): if \(\max\{h_{y_n}(x), h_{y_n}(x_n)\}\to 0\), then \(x\) is a cluster point of \(\langle x_n\rangle\). For Part I of this paper see [\textit{E.-G. Yang}, Topology Appl. 238, 76--89 (2018; Zbl 1393.54006)].