On the torus bifurcation in averaging theory (Q2293696)

The authors investigate the Neimark-Sacker bifurcation in a planar system by studying the corresponding Hopf bifurcation of the averaged bifurcation equations. They show that the power series expansion of the Poincaré map and the first Lyapunov coefficient can be obtained from the expressions in the averaged system and that the bifurcating limit cycles in the averaged equations correspond to the invariant tori of the Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. It is also indicated, how the expressions could be obtained, if the leading terms in \(\epsilon\) start at power \(l\). The method is applied to a three-dimensional autonomous system, which is converted to the assumed time-periodic form by introducing polar coordinates and treating the angular variable as new independent coordinate. The method could have quite easily been extended to systems of arbitrary order by using center manifold reduction.