Differential subfields of Liouvillian extensions (Q2295393)

The paper discusses the Liouvillian extensions of differential fields. Let $L\supset F$ be differential fields. $L$ is called (generalised) Liouvillian over $F$ if there is a chain $F=K_{1}\subset K_{2}\subset\ldots\subset K_{n}=L$ such that $K_{i+1}=K_{i}(t_{i})$, where $$t_{i}^{'}=\alpha_{i}t_{i}+\beta_{i},\quad\alpha_{i},\beta_{i}\in K_{i}$$ (or $t_{i}$ is algebraic over $K_{i}$). Let $L$ be Liouvillian over $F$ and $F\subset M\subset L$. When is an extension $M$ Liouvillian over $F$? The following result of the paper shows when the answer is affirmative. \textbf{Theorem.} Let $k\subseteq K\subseteq E$ be differential fields, $C_{k}$ be an algebraically closed field, $C_{E}=C_{k}$ and $K$ be algebraically closed in $E$. If $E$ is a Liouvillian extension of $k$ then $K$ is a generalised Liouvillian extension of $k$. If $E$ is a primitive extension of $k$ (respectively an exponential extension of $k$) then $K$ is also a primitive extension of $k$ (respectively an exponential extension of $k$). As an application of the obtained results about the structure of Liouvillian extensions, the following statement has been proven \textbf{Proposition.} The Liouvillian solutions of the differential equation $$y'=\alpha_{n}y^{n}+\cdots+\alpha_{2}y^{2},$$ where $\alpha_{i}\in \mathbb C[z]$ and $\alpha_{n}\ne 0$, are algebraic over $\mathbb C(z)$.