One-point hyperbolic-type metrics (Q2299415)

To study properties usually associated with negative curvature in general metric spaces, various \textit{one-point hyperbolic-type metrics} have been introduced in this setting [\textit{F. W. Gehring} and \textit{B. P. Palka}, J. Anal. Math. 30, 172--199 (1976; Zbl 0349.30019); \textit{J. Ferrand}, Lect. Notes Math. 1351, 110--123 (1988; Zbl 0661.30015); \textit{R. S. Kulkarni} and \textit{U. Pinkall}, Math. Z. 216, No. 1, 89--129 (1994; Zbl 0813.53022); \textit{D. A. Herron}, Conform. Geom. Dyn. 20, 1--24 (2016; Zbl 1338.53019)]. In this paper the authors study parameter families of \textit{one-point distance-function metrics}. These metrics were originally studied in Euclidean spaces [\textit{M. Vuorinen}, Conformal geometry and quasiregular mappings. Berlin etc.: Springer-Verlag (1988; Zbl 0646.30025); \textit{Z. Ibragimov}, Complex Variables, Theory Appl. 48, No. 10, 837--855 (2003; Zbl 1043.30026); J. Anal. 24, No. 1, 111--129 (2016; Zbl 1372.30045); \textit{P. Hästö} et al., Comput. Methods Funct. Theory 6, No. 1, 15--28 (2006; Zbl 1102.30046)]. After an introduction in Section 1, the basic concepts are provided in Section 2. The authors then study families of \begin{itemize} \item[--] \(\tilde{j}\) metrics \(\tilde{j}_{c,a}\) in Section 3 \item[--] scale-invariant Cassinian metrics \(\tilde{\tau}_{c,a}\) in Section 4 and \item[--] a half-Apollonian pseudometric \(\tilde{\alpha}_{a}\) in Section 5 \end{itemize} where \(a \in \mathscr{X}\) is a point in the space \(\mathscr{X}\) and \(c\) is a parameter. Finally, in Section 6, the authors study these metrics in locally compact, noncomplete metric spaces. A main result of this paper is a reflection of a property of these metrics in Euclidean spaces: If a domain has more than one boundary point, then these metrics are not \(\delta\)-hyperbolic. In this paper it is shown that similar results hold in general metric spaces. Furthermore the authors examine the quality of the parameter \(c\) used in these families and prove several sharpness results. They also find that for the families examined the triangle inequality is essential (see Lemmas 3.2 and 4.2), while Ptolemy's inequality turns out to be irrelevant. Finally, in Section 6, the authors fix the parameter \(c\) in accordance with the previous results and establish first results of the three metrics under study in locally compact noncomplete metric spaces. Especially, in Theorem 6.5, they establish sharp inequalities between them.