Liouville formula for some classes of differential equations with the Hukuhara derivative (Q2300690)

The authors consider the linear differential equation with Hukuhara derivative \[ DX(t)=A(t)X(t),\quad X(0)=X_0\in\mathrm{conv}(\mathbb{R}^2), \] where \(X(t)\in\mathrm{conv}(\mathbb{R}^2)\), \(DX(t)\) is Hukuhara derivative of the mapping \(X(\cdot)\) at the point \(t\), \(A\in C(\mathbb{R};L(\mathbb{R}^2))\), where \(L(\mathbb{R}^2)\) is the Banach algebra of bounded linear operators on the space \(\mathbb{R}^2\). The main result of this article is that the authors generalize the Liouville formula to some classes of differential equations with the Hukuhara derivative. Some special cases are found where the area of solutions (phase region) of the differential equation with the Hukuhara derivative can be expressed in closed form. The authors also propose a new construction of the Lyapunov vector function with a continuum of components, which leads to a comparison equation, which is a partial differential equation.