Conjugacy of Levi subgroups of reductive groups and a generalization to linear algebraic groups (Q2301986)

Let \(G\) be a connected reductive linear algebraic group over a field \(K\). The author defines a Levi \(K\)-subgroup of \(G\) to be a Levi factor of a parabolic \(K\)-subgroup of \(G\). The author compares the known rational conjugacy classes of Levi subgroups over \(K\) to their geometric conjugacy class counterparts, those over the algebraic closure \(\overline{K}\). The author does so by identifying standard Levi \(K\)-subgroups \(\mathcal{L}_{I_K}\) for each subset \(I_K \subset \Delta_K\), where \(\Delta_K\) is a simple system of roots of \(G\) with respect to a maximal \(K\)-split torus \(S\). Taken from the paper: Theorem A: Let \(G\) be a connected reductive \(K\)-group. Every Levi \(K\)-subgroup of \(G\) is \(G(K)\)-conjugate to a standard Levi \(K\)-subgroup. For two standard Levi \(K\)-subgroups \(\mathcal{L}_{I_K}\) and \(\mathcal{L}_{J_K}\) the following are equivalent: \begin{itemize} \item[i)] \(I_K\) and \(J_K\) are associate under the Weyl group \(W(G,S)\); \item[ii)] \(\mathcal{L}_{I_K}\) and \(\mathcal{L}_{J_K}\) are \(G(K)\)-conjugate; \item[iii)] \(\mathcal{L}_{I_K}\) and \(\mathcal{L}_{J_K}\) are \(G(\overline{K})\)-conjugate. \end{itemize} The main results of the paper are about a generalization of Theorem A to arbitrary connected linear algebraic groups, replacing Levi subgroups with pseudo-Levi subgroups. Taken from the paper: Theorem B: Let G be a connected linearly algebraic \(K\)-group. Every pseudo-Levi subgroup of \(G\) is \(G(K)\)-conjugate to a standard pseudo-Levi subgroup. For two standard pseudo-Levi \(K\)-subgroups \(\mathcal{L}_{I_K}\) and \(\mathcal{L}_{J_K}\) the following are equivalent: \begin{itemize} \item[i)] \(I_K\) and \(J_K\) are associate under the Weyl group \(W(G,S)\); \item[ii)] \(\mathcal{L}_{I_K}\) and \(\mathcal{L}_{J_K}\) are \(G(K)\)-conjugate; \item[iii)] \(\mathcal{L}_{I_K}\) and \(\mathcal{L}_{J_K}\) are \(G(\overline{K})\)-conjugate. \end{itemize} Section 2 of the paper is primarily a proof of Theorem A. The majority of Theorem A is contained in Lemma 1. The equivalence of the second and third points is the content of Theorem 2. Its proof proceeds by first showing that if the result hold for quasi-split \(K\)-groups, then it holds for all reductive \(K\)-groups. Second, it is shown that if the result holds for all absolutely simple, quasi-split \(K\)-groups, then it holds for all quasi-split reductive \(K\)-groups. Finally, working casewise by root system type, it is shown that the result holds when \(G\) is absolutely simple and quasi-split over \(K\). In Section 3, the author works with a connected linear algebraic \(K\)-group \(G\) that is no longer assumed to be reductive. Lemma 8 is then the generalization of Lemma 1, containing the majority of Theorem B. The equivalence of the second and third points again requires considerable work and is the content of Theorem 10. The proof proceeds in a similar manner as the proof of Theorem 2. First, it is shown that if the result holds for pseudo-simple \(K\)-groups with trivial scheme-theoretic center, then it holds in full. Second, it is shown that the result holds when \(G\) is quasi-split over \(K\). Finally, using the previous quasi-split case, it is shown that the result holds for pseudo-simple \(K\)-groups with trivial scheme-theoretic center.