Factorization of the Hilbert matrix based on Cesàro and gamma matrices (Q2302196)

The Hilbert matrix \(H\), which was introduced by Hilbert for approximation theory purposes, is a bounded operator on the set of real sequences \(l_p\) for \(p>1\). A lot of study on the matrix operator \(H\) was made in the finite case, and a lot of properties of \(H\) were obtained, including the factorization \(H=BC\), where the matrix \(B\) is a bounded operator on \(l_p\) and \(C\) is the Cesàro matrix. The present paper is concerned with the factorization of \(H\) in the infinite case, continuing the study begun by the author in [Linear Multilinear Algebra 68, No. 1, 193--204 (2020; Zbl 1429.26038)], where a factorization of \(H\) was obtained based on generalized Cesàro matrices. To obtain the desired results, the paper starts with the necessary prerequisites and describes earlier results. The notions of Hilbert matrix, Hausdorff matrix, Gamma matrix, Cesàro matrix, and Copson matrix (the transpose of the Cesàro matrix) are recalled. Also, the Schur theorem and the Hellinger-Toeplitz theorem on \(l_p\) are recalled. First, several factorizations for \(H\) based on Cesàro and Copson matrices of order \(n\) are obtained and an inequality which generalizes Hilbert's inequality is derived. Then, after using an identity between Cesàro and Gamma matrices, some factorizations of the Hilbert operator based on Gamma matrices are stated. As a consequence of the obtained results, two new inequalities are obtained, which can be seen as generalizations of some classical inequalities, especially Hilbert's inequality.