Large deviations and one-sided scaling limit of randomized multicolor box-ball system (Q2302647)

The main goal of this paper is to show that for the basic \(\kappa\)-color box-ball system (BBS) the rescaled invariant Young diagrams converge almost surely to the equilibrium shapes as the system size tends to infinity. The authors also give a probabilistic answer to explain why the two different methods assuming different initial configuration produce the same scaling limit of the invariant Young diagrams. Roughly speaking, this happens because the row lengths are exponentially concentrated around their mean due to a large deviations principle for Markov additive functionals, and the probability of \(X^{n,\mathbf{p}}\) being highest decays only polynomially in \(n\) (provided \(p_{0}\ge p_{1}\ge \dots \ge p_{\kappa}\)) due to a generalized ballot theorem. Hence one can push the same ergodic theorem from the unconditioned to the conditioned initial measure. This gives a rigorous proof of the asymptotic equivalence between the methods of Markov chains and thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz.