Bi-homogeneity and integrability of rational potentials (Q2304453)

The authors discuss the integrability of Hamiltonian systems with two degrees of freedom given by a Hamiltonian function of the form \[ H(q,p) = \frac{1}{2} (p_1^2 + p_2^2) + V(q) \; , \] where \(q=(q_1, q_2)\), \(p=(p_1, p_2)\) and \(V(q)\) is a rational potential. The above system is said to be rationally integrable if it admits a rational first integral functionally independent of \(H\). The authors consider in particular polynomial bi-homogeneous potentials of the form \[ U_{k_1, k_2} (x_1, x_2) = x_1^{k_1} x_2^{k_2}, \] where \(k_1, k_2\) are natural numbers (or rational numbers), and obtain integrability conditions. In some cases, the authors can obtain the solutions in explicit form.