Reflection and time reversal symmetry enriched topological phases of matter: path integrals, non-orientable manifolds, and anomalies (Q2304966)

By developing a different approach, the authors investigate \((2+1)D\) symmetry-enriched topological (SET) phases where the symmetry group \(G\) contains time-reversal and/or reflection symmetries. The authors use topological path integrals (partition functions), which define the long wavelength universal properties of SET phases. Thus, they obtain a systematic construction of a wide class of bosonic time-reversal and/or spatial reflection SET phases through an exact state sum construction of the topological path integral. Also, the authors define topological path integrals on non-orientable space-time manifolds. The authors show how to calculate the path integrals of \((2+1)D\) time-reversal and/or reflection SET phases on the non-directable space-time manifolds. For a general \(\mathbb{Z}^{2}\) reflection SET phase on closed non-orientable surfaces \(\Sigma^{2}\), the authors give the ground state degeneracy by means of a simple formula. So, the authors show that a wide class of time-reversal and/or reflection SET phases can be systematically constructed in terms of such \(G\)-equivariant 2-categories with \(G\) actions. For the ground state degeneracy of a topological phase on a Möbius band whose boundary carries topological a charge \(a\), the authors give a formula. A number of explicit examples illustrating various aspects of the general theoretical discussion are studied. The gauged T-Pfaffian\(_{\pm}\) state is computed. The authors compute the path integral of this \((3+1)D\) symmetry protected topological state on \(\mathbb{R}\mathrm{P}^{4}\) and \(\mathbb{C}\mathrm{P}^{2}\). An explicit definition for the path integral of a topological quantum field theory on a nonorientable manifold \(M^3\) is given. The authors develop a theory of such time-reversal and reflection anomalies. In the last section, reflection and time-reversal symmetry in Kitaev quantum double models \(D(H)\) of a finite group \(H\) are studied.