Endomorphism rings of reductions of Drinfeld modules (Q2307442)

Let \(A={\mathbb F}_q[T]\) and \(F={\mathbb F}_q(T)\) where \({\mathbb F}_q\) is the finite field of \(q\) elements. The aim of this paper is the study of the endomorphism ring of the reduction of an \(A\)-Drinfeld module of rank \(r\geq 2\) defined over \(F\) and some indices related to this ring. For a Drinfeld module \(\phi\), \({\mathcal P}(\phi)\) denotes the set of primes \(\mathfrak{p}\) of \(A\) such that \(\phi\) has good reduction \(\phi\otimes {\mathbb F}_{\mathfrak{p}}\) at \(\mathfrak{p}\) over \({\mathbb F}_{\mathfrak{p}}\). Here \({\mathbb F}_{\mathfrak{p}}=A/\mathfrak{p}\). For \(\mathfrak{p}\in{\mathcal P}(\phi)\), let \({\mathcal E}_{\mathfrak{p}}:=\mathrm{End}_{{\mathbb F}_{\mathfrak{p}}}(\phi\otimes {\mathbb F}_{\mathfrak{p}})\). If \(\deg \mathfrak{p}=d\), let \(\pi_{\mathfrak{p}}:=\tau^d\) where \(\phi\colon A\longrightarrow F\{\tau\}\). Let \({\mathcal O}_{\mathfrak{p}}\) be the integral closure of \(A\) in \(K:=F(\pi_{\mathfrak{p}})\) and let \({\mathcal X}({\mathcal E}_{\mathfrak{p}}/A[\pi_{\mathfrak{p}}])\) denote the index of \(A[\pi_{\mathfrak{p}}]\) in \({\mathcal E}_{\mathfrak{p}}\). Equivalently, \({\mathcal X}({\mathcal E}_{\mathfrak{p}}/A[\pi_{\mathfrak{p}}])\) is the Fitting ideal of the \(A\)-module \({\mathcal E}_{\mathfrak{p}}/A[\pi_{\mathfrak{p}}]\). Let \(F^{\text{alg}}\) denote an algebraic closure of \(F\). The first main result is Theorem 1.2 and it gives a reciprocity law. Let \(\phi\) be a Drinfeld \(A\)-module of rank \(r\geq 2\) over \(F\) and let \(\mathfrak{n}\) be a nonzero ideal of \(A\), assuming that the characteristic \(p\) of \(F\) does not divide \(r\). For a prime \(\mathfrak{p}\in{\mathcal P}(\phi)\) not dividing \(\mathfrak{n}\), it is given a necessary and sufficient condition for \(\mathfrak{p}\) to sp1lit completely in the Galois extension \(F(\phi[\mathfrak{n}])\) of \(F\) in terms of the refined index of \({\mathcal E}_{\mathfrak{p}}/A[\pi_{\mathfrak{p}}]\) and the minimal polynomial of \(\pi_{\mathfrak{p}}\) over \(F\). Here \(\phi[\mathfrak{n}]\) denotes the \(\mathfrak{n}\)-torsion of \(\phi\), \(\phi[\mathfrak{n}] \subseteq F^{\text{alg}}\). Theorem 1.2 is proved in Section 3. The second main result is Theorem 1.1. Let \(\phi\) be a Drinfeld \(A\)-module of rank \(r\geq 2\) over \(F\) and let \(\mathfrak{n}\) and \(\mathfrak{m}\) be arbitrary nonzero ideals of \(A\). Then: (1) the subset of primes \(\mathfrak{p}\in{\mathcal P}(\phi)\) such that \(\mathfrak{n}\) divides \({\mathcal X}({\mathcal E}_{\mathfrak{p}}/A[\pi_{\mathfrak{p}}])\) has positive density. (2) If \(\mathrm{End}_{F^{\text{alg}}}(\phi)=A\), then the subset of primes \(\mathfrak{p}\in {\mathcal P}(\phi)\) such that \(\mathfrak{n}\) divides \({\mathcal X}({\mathcal E}_{\mathfrak{p}}/A[\pi_{\mathfrak{p}}])\) and, simultaneously, \(\mathfrak{m}\) divides \({\mathcal X}({\mathcal O}_{\mathfrak{p}}/{\mathcal E}_{\mathfrak{p}})\) has positive density. The proof of the first part is a corollary of the proof of Theorem 1.2, Corollary 3.2. The proof of the second part of Theorem 1.1 is given in Section 4.2. Section 5 discusses how to compute \({\mathcal E}_{\mathfrak{p}}\) and the indices \({\mathcal X}({\mathcal E}_{\mathfrak{p}}/A[\pi_{\mathfrak{p}}])\) and \({\mathcal X}({\mathcal O}_{\mathfrak{p}}/{\mathcal E}_{\mathfrak{p}})\). Finally, the authors describe an algorithm to compute the minimal polynomial of \(\pi_{\mathfrak{p}}\) over \(F\), \(P_{\mathfrak{p}}(X)\), in polynomial time in \(d=\deg \mathfrak{p}\) and \(r\).