Sandwich results for periodicity and conjugacy (Q2307664)

The authors consider a nonempty set \(\mathcal{M}\), a nonconstant function \(P: \mathcal{M} \to \mathcal{M}\) and a reflexive Banach space \(X\). By assuming that \(f: \mathcal{M} \to X\) and \(\Gamma : \mathcal{M} \to 2^{X}\) is a set-valued function with bounded closed and convex values such that \(f(P^{n}(x))\in \Gamma, n\in \mathbb{N}_0, x\in \mathbb{R}\) (where \(\mathbb{N}_0:=\left\{0,1,2, \dots \right\}\)), the authors prove that there is a \(P\)-periodic selection \(F\) of \(\Gamma\) (i.e., such that \(F\circ P=F\)). Furthermore, assuming that \(h:\mathcal{M} \to \mathbb{R}\) is \(P\)-super periodic (i.e., \(h\circ P \ge h)\) and \(g:\mathcal{M} \to \mathbb{R}\) is \(P\)-subperiodic with \(X= \mathbb{R}\), it is proved that \(h \le g\) holds if and only if there is a \(P\)-periodic function separating \(h\) and \(g\). The authors also derive and prove a sandwich-type result for the functional equation \(f(p(x))=g(f(x)\)). Additionally, several results concerning the functional equation \(\alpha f(p(x))=g(f(x))\) and the functional inequality \(\alpha f(p^n (x))\ge g^n(f(x))\) are derived, proved and discussed.