Three types generalized \(Z_n\)-Heisenberg ferromagnet models (Q2308008)

In the paper, the authors construct new Heisenberg magnet models, by letting (classical) spin variables \(S_i\) to take values in a commutative subalgebra \(\operatorname{gl}(n,\mathbb{C})\). In Section 2 the \(Z_n\)-Heisenberg ferromagnet model in \((1+1)\) dimensions is revised: the equation for spin variables is written and shown to be equivalent to a \(Z_n\)-nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Then a Lax pair for the equation is given. New results are provided in Sections 3 and 4. In Section 3 a generalization of the \(Z_n\)-Heisenberg ferromagnet model in \((1+1)\) dimensions is proposed with a cubic term proportional to a deformation parameter \(\epsilon\). Again, the authors construct the equivalent \(Z_n\)-mixed derivatives nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Finally, in Section 4 a revisitation of two \((2+1)\)-dimensional integrable inhomogeneous Heisenberg ferromagnet equations is done. The authors first consider the \(Z_n\)-inhomogeneous \(M\)-\(I\) equation and then the \(Z_n\)-Ishimori equation. For both models they derive the equivalent integrable classical equations, i.e., a \(Z_n\)-nonlinear Schrödinger equation for the former, and a \(Z_n\)-Davey-Stewartson equation for the latter, providing also their Lax pairs. The paper is very technical. The results which are discussed can be of some interest, because new solvable classical models are proposed and investigated. What seems lacking is a real physical application of the mathematics reported in the paper. In the introduction some possible ideas in this direction are proposed, as for instance 2D gravity or AdS/CFT correspondence, but the authors do not develop these issues throughout the paper.