Quantum Langlands dualities of boundary conditions, \(D\)-modules, and conformal blocks (Q2308283)

Quantum Geometric Langlands correspondences are conjectural dualities between the derived category of twisted \(D\)-modules on the moduli stack \(\text{Bun}_G\) of bundles on a compact Riemann surface \(X\) for some reductive group \(G,\) and that of twisted \(D\)-modules on the moduli stack of bundles for the Langlands dual group of \(G.\) This article presents a systematic framework for studying quantum Geometric Langlands dualities using vetex algebras associated to junctions of boundary conditions in a 4d gauge theory. To each boundary condition of a twisted 4d gauge theory correponds a ribbon category of line defects. For a Riemann surface \(X\) and a point \(x\in X,\) these categories of line defects are in turn related to the derived categories of twisted \(D\)-modules on \(\text{Bun}_G\) via a compactification functor arising from \(X\) and \(x.\) Then, for a junction of boundary conditions, the authors associate a certain vertex algebra, its modules, conformal blocks and localization functors. For a non-degenerate junction \(B_1\rightarrow B_2,\) the authors conjecture that the space of coinvariants of its associated vertex algebra is identical to the morphisms between the \(D\)-modules associated to the categories of line defects of \(B_1\) and \(B_2.\) They also conjecture that kernels of certain quantum Geometric Langlands dualities should come from sheaves of coinvariants of certain junction vertex algebras. Under this framework, the quantum Geometric Langlands dualities are expected to relate certain different definitions of the same 4d gauge theory. The authors focus on the \(\text{GL}\) twisted \(N=4\) supersymmetric theories defined by Kapustin and Witten. In particular, they compute various examples of categories of line defects and junction algebras for \(\text{U}(1)\) and \(\text{SU}(2)/\text{SO}(3).\)