Near-isometric duality of Hardy norms with applications to harmonic mappings (Q2308387)

Let $\mathbf a:=(a_1,\dots,a_n)\in \mathbb C^n$. Given $p>0$, the authors define the Hardy (quasi)-norm of $\mathbf a$ by setting $||\mathbf a||_{H^p}:=||f||_p$, where $f$ is the polynomial $f(z):=a_1+a_2z+\cdots+ a_nz^{n-1}$ and $||f||_p:=\left(\frac{1}{2\pi }\int_{0}^{2\pi} |f(e^{it})|^pdt\right)^{1/p}$ is the usual Hardy space norm of $f$ on $\mathbb D$. The limiting cases $p=0$ and $p=\infty$ are also considered. The paper is mainly concerned with $n=2$. So for instance, $$\mbox{$||(a_1,a_2)||_{H^2}=(|a_1|^2+|a_2|^2)^{1/2}$ and $ ||(a_1,a_2)||_{H^4}= (|a_1|^4+4|a_1|^2|a_2|^2+|a_2|^4)^{1/4}$}.$$ Theorem 2.1 tells us that on $\mathbb C^2$ the $p$-quasi-norm actually is a norm for all $0\leq p\leq \infty$. Next, the authors introduce the dual norms: for $\mathbf a\in \mathbb C^n$, $$||\mathbf a ||_{H^p_*}:=\sup\{|\langle\mathbf a, \mathbf b\rangle|: ||\mathbf b||_{H^p}\leq 1\}.$$ It is shown the strange result that for all $a\in \mathbb C^2\setminus\{(0,0)\}$ one has $1\leq ||\mathbf a||_{H^1_*} /||\mathbf a||_{H^4}\leq 1.01.$ The main result tells us that, given $(\alpha,\beta)\in\mathbb C^2$, there is a harmonic map $f:\mathbb D\to\mathbb D$ with $\partial f(0)=\alpha$ and $\overline{\partial} f(0)=\beta$ if and only if $||(\alpha,\beta)||_{H^1_*}\leq 1$. This latter result is extended to higher dimensions.