Existence and multiplicity of periodic solutions to indefinite singular equations having a non-monotone term with two singularities (Q2311830)

In this paper, the authors obtain sufficient conditions for the existence and multiplicity of T-periodic solutions of a class of second order nonlinear differential equations of the form \[ u''=h(t)g(u), \] where \(g:(A,B)\rightarrow (0,\infty)\) has two singularities, \(-\infty \leq A<B\leq\infty\) and \(h\in L(\mathbb{R}/T\mathbb{Z})\) is a general sign-changing function. The results obtained have a form of relation between multiplicities of zeros of the weight function \(h\) and the order of singularities of the nonlinear term \(g\). These results can be applied to a physical model, where from the equation \[ u''=\frac{h(t)}{\sin^{2}u}, \] one can study the existence and multiplicity of periodic motions of a charged particle in an oscillating magnetic field on the sphere. The classical Leray-Schauder degree theorem is used in this work.