General de Finetti type theorems in noncommutative probability (Q2311915)

The classical de Finetti theorem states that an infinite sequence of random variables, whose joint distribution is invariant under all finite permutations, is conditionally independent and identically distributed. In [J. Funct. Anal. 258, No. 4, 1073--1120 (2010; Zbl 1196.46050)], \textit{C. Köstler} studied exchangeable sequences (i.e., the joint finite-dimensional distributions are invariant under permutations of the index set) of noncommutative random variables in \(W^\ast\)-probability spaces with normal faithful states, and obtained a detailed treatment of possible noncommutative extensions of de Finetti's theorem. By strengthening exchangeability to invariance under a coaction of the free quantum permutations (introduced by \textit{S. Wang} [Commun. Math. Phys. 167, No. 3, 671--692 (1995; Zbl 0838.46057)], \textit{C. Köstler} and \textit{R. Speicher} provided a free analogue of the de Finetti theorem [Commun. Math. Phys. 291, No. 2, 473--490 (2009; Zbl 1183.81099)]. They proved that, for an infinite sequence of random variables, quantum exchangeability (given by invariance conditions associated with quantum permutation groups \(A_s(n)\) of Wang) is equivalent to the fact that the random variables are identically distributed and free with respect to the conditional expectation onto the tail algebra. For each \(n\), it was shown that there are exactly six easy groups which are denoted by \(S_n\), \(O_n\), \(B_n\), \(H_n\), \(B_n'\) and \(S_n'\). In the quantum aspects, for each \(n\), using work of \textit{M. Weber} [Adv. Math. 245, 500--533 (2013; Zbl 1286.46069)], there are exactly seven easy quantum groups generated by \(n^2\) matrix coordinates \(\{u_{i,j}|i,j=1,\dots,n\}\) satisfying a certain relation \(R\) which are denoted by \(A_s(n)\), \(A_o(n)\), \(A_b(n)\), \(A_h(n)\), \(A_{s'}(n)\), \(A_{b'}(n)\) and \(S_{b^\sharp}(n)\). \textit{T. Banica} et al. [Ann. Probab. 40, No. 1, 4014--435 (2012; Zbl 1242.46073)] showed their de Finetti-type theorems in both commutative and noncommutative probability theory under the invariance conditions of easy groups and easy quantum groups, respectively. In [J. Funct. Anal. 269, No. 7, 1950--1994 (2015; Zbl 1331.46055)], the author defined a quantum semigroup and showed a Boolean analogue of de Finetti's theorem on exchangeable sequences, stating that the distributional invariance of the random variables under the quantum semigroup implies that the random variables are amalgamated Boolean i.i.d. with respect to a conditional expectation onto the tail algebra. One goal of the paper under review is to study de Finetti-type theorems for all compact quantum groups which are either between \(C_s(n)\) and \(C_o(n)\) or between \(A_s(n)\) and \(A_o(n)\). The author also studies when different kinds of distributional symmetries give the same de Finetti-type theorem. He shows that there is no distribution other than what \(C_s(n)\), \(C_o(n)\), \(C_b(n)\), and \(A_s(n)\), \(A_o(n)\), \(A_b(n)\), \(A_h(n)\) can characterize. On the other hand, he shows that these distributional symmetries are maximal which means the corresponding de Finetti-type theorem fails if a sequence of random variables satisfies more symmetries other than the maximal one.