On simultaneous approximation of the values of certain Mahler functions (Q2312831)

For real numbers \(\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n\) the simultaneous approximation exponent \(\mu(\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n)\) is defined as the supremum of real numbers \(\mu\) such that the inequality \[\max_{1\le i\le n}\biggl|\alpha_i-\frac{p_i}{q}\biggr|<\frac{1}{q^\mu}\] has infinitely many solutions in rational numbers \(\frac{p_i}{q}\). Using Hermite-Padé approximation, the authors give, under suitable conditions, an upper bound for \[\mu\biggl(f\biggl(\frac{a}{b}\biggr),g\biggl(\frac{a}{b}\biggr)\biggr)\] where \(\frac{a}{b}\in\mathbb Q\) and \(f,g\) are Mahler functions satisfying functional equations \[\phi_1(z)f(z)+\phi_2(z)f(z^d)+\phi_3(z)=0\] \[\psi_1(z)g(z)+\psi_2(z)g(z^d)+\psi_3(z)=0\] with \(2\le d\in\mathbb N\) and \(\phi_i,\psi_i\in\mathbb Z[z]\). As consequences the authors provide upper bounds for several particular pairs of Mahler functions. For instance if \[F(z)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{z^{3^k}}{1+z^{3^k}}\quad\text{and}\quad G(z)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{z^{3^k}}{1-z^{3^k}}\] and \(\lambda=\frac{\log |a|}{\log b}<\frac{19}{29}\) then \[\mu\biggl(F\biggl(\frac{a}{b}\biggr),G\biggl(\frac{a}{b}\biggr)\biggr)\le\frac{36(1-\lambda)}{19-29\lambda}\] Particularly \[\mu\biggl(\sum_{k=0}^\infty\frac{1}{b^{3^k}+1},\sum_{k=0}^\infty\frac{1}{b^{3^k}-1}\biggr)= \mu\biggl(F\biggl(\frac{1}{b}\biggr),G\biggl(\frac{1}{b}\biggr)\biggr)\le\frac{36}{19}\doteq1.895\]