Strongly \(q\)-nil-clean rings (Q2313292)

For a positive integer \(q>1\), an element \(r\) in a ring \(R\) is \(q\)\textit{-potent} provided that \(r^{q}=r\). A ring \(R\) is \(q\)\textit{-potent} if all its elements are \(q\)-potent. A ring \(R\) is called \textit{strongly }\(q\)\textit{-nil-clean} if each element in \(R\) is a sum of \(q\)-potent and nilpotent elements that commute with one another. The main results: Theorem 5. Let \(R\) be a ring. If \(J(R)\) is nil and \(R/J(R)\) is a \(q\)-potent ring then \(R\) is strongly \(q\)-nil-clean. Corollary 6. Let \(F\) be a field. Then \(\mathbb{T}_{n}(F)\) (upper triangular matrices) is a strongly \(q\)-nil clean ring for every positive integer \(n\) iff \(\left\vert F\right\vert -1\) divides \(q-1\). Theorem 8. Let \(R\) be a ring whose elements are represented as sums of an idempotent, a nilpotent, and a \(q\)-potent element that commute with one another. Then there is a ring isomorphism \(R\cong R_{1}\times\cdots\times R_{m}\), where for all \(1\leq i\leq m\), \(R_{i}\) is a ring satisfying (1) \(R_{i}/J(R_{i})\) is a ring of prime characteristic \(p_{i}\); (2) \(J(R_{i})\) is nil; (3) there is a positive integer \(N\) such that every right primitive quotient ring of \(R_{i}\) is isomorphic to \(\mathbb{M}_{n}(F)\), where \(n\leq N\) and \(F\) is a finite field of characteristic \(p_{i}\), and \(\left\vert F\right\vert -1\) divides \(q-1\) if \(q\) is odd. Theorem 12. Let \(k>1\) be a fixed positive integer. The following are equivalent for a ring \(R\): (1) every element in \(R\) is represented as a sum of \(k\) idempotents that commute with one another; (2) \(R\) is a commutative ring and every element in \(R\) is represented as a sum of \(k\) idempotents that commute with one another; (3) \(R\) is isomorphic to the finite direct product of rings \(S\) such that (a) there exist a prime \(p\) and \(m\in \mathbb{N}\) which depend on \(S\) and satisfy the conditions \(p^{m}\cdot 1_{S}=0\) and \(p^{m}\leq k+1\); (b) \(J(S)=p(A_{1}+...+A_{p^{m-1}-1})\), where \(A_{i}=\mathrm{idem}(S)\) for every \(i\in \{1,2,...,p^{m-1}-1\}\); (c) \(S/J(S)\) is the subdirect product of \(\mathbb{F}_{p}\). In the last section, as applications of these results, the strongly 5-nil-clean rings and the strongly 7-nil-clean rings are described.