Coincidences between homological densities, predicted by arithmetic (Q2313358)

Let \(X\) be a connected oriented smooth manifold with finite dimensional \(H^*(X, {\mathbb Q})\). Then one can consider the Poincaré polynomial \(P_X(t)=\sum _{i\ge 0} \dim _{\mathbb Q}H^i(X, {\mathbb Q}) t^i\). For \(\mathbf{d} =(d_1,\dots,d_m)\in {\mathbb Z_{\ge 0}}^m\) one defines \(\mathrm{Sym} ^{\mathbf d} (X)\) as the product of symmetric powers \(\mathrm{Sym} ^{d_i} (X)\) of \(X\). Inside of \(\mathrm{Sym} ^{\mathbf d} (X)\) the authors consider the subspace \({\mathcal Z} ^{\mathbf d}_n (X)\) of \(0\)-cycles \(D\), which by definition contain \(d_i\) points labeled with color \(i\) and such that no point of \(X\) is labeled with at least \(n\) labels of every color. One of the main results of the paper says that if the cup-product of any \(k\) compactly supported cohomology classes of \(X\) is \(0\) and \((m_1, n_1)\) and \((m_2, n_2)\) are two pairs of positive integers with equal products that are at least \(k\), then \[\lim _{\mathbf d \in {\mathbb N}^{m_1}\to \infty} \frac{P_{{\mathcal Z} ^{\mathbf d}_{n_1} (X)} (t)}{P_{\mathrm{Sym} ^{\mathbf d} (X)} (t)}= \lim _{\mathbf d \in {\mathbb N}^{m_2}\to \infty} \frac{P_{{\mathcal Z} ^{\mathbf d}_{n_2} (X)} (t)}{P_{\mathrm{Sym} ^{\mathbf d} (X)} (t)}. \] The limits above are taken in the \(t\)-adic topology on the ring of formal power series in \(t\) and \(\mathbf d\to \infty\) means that all \(d_i\to \infty\). Another result gives a more precise theorem for odd-dimensional varieties. Namely, if \(X\) has odd dimension \(\ge 3\) then the inclusion \({\mathcal Z} ^{\mathbf d}_n (X)\hookrightarrow\mathrm{Sym} ^{\mathbf d} (X)\) induces an isomorphism on rational cohomology, so the above limits exist and are equal to \(1\). In some special cases this last result was known earlier. The authors results are motivated by Weil's analogy between number fields and function fields and some density results in arithmetic. The proofs are done, very roughly speaking, by a careful analysis of certain Leray spectral sequences for maps induced by the inclusion \({\mathcal Z} ^{\mathbf d}_n (X)\hookrightarrow \mathrm{Sym} ^{\mathbf d} (X)\) and solving some combinatorial problems.