Hilbert isometries and maximal deviation preserving maps on JB-algebras (Q2313362)

This is an interesting paper whose main result characterises the surjective variation norm isometries between JB-algebras. Recall that, for an element \(x\) of a unital JB-algebra \(A\) with state space \(K\), the square of the maximal deviation is defined by \(\sup_{\varphi \in K} \bigl( \varphi(x^2)-\varphi(x)^2 \bigr). \) The main result asserts that, given unital JB-algebras \(A\) and \(B\), \(S\colon [A]\to[B]\) is a surjective linear isometry if and only if, for all \(x\in A\), \[ S[x]=\varepsilon [J][x], \] for some \(\varepsilon\in \{\pm1\}\) and a Jordan isomorphism \(J\colon A\to B\). Here the quotients are taken with respect to the span of the identity. Furthermore, a characterisation of surjective Hilbert's metric isometries between cones in unital JB-algebras is also provided: for unital JB-algebras \(A\) and \(B\), every surjective metric isometry \(f\colon A_+^{\circ} \to B_+^{\circ}\) is of the form \[ f(x)=U_yJ(x^{\varepsilon}), \quad x\in A_+^{\circ}, \] for some \(y\in B_+^{\circ}\), where \(U_y\) is the quadratic representation of \(y\) and \(J\colon A\to B\) is a Jordan isomorphism. Consequently, the metric spaces \((A_+^{\circ}, d_H)\) and \((B_+^{\circ}, d_H)\) are isometric if and only if \(A\) and \(B\) are Jordan isomorphic.