The Green-Tao theorem for primes of the form \(x^2+y^2+1\) (Q2313399)

Let \(\mathcal{P}_2\) denote the set of all such primes which can be represented as the sum of two squares plus 1, i.e., \(\mathcal{P}_2:= \{p \text{ prime} : p = x^2 + y^2 + 1, x, y \in \mathbb{N}\}\). The authors prove that if \(\mathcal{A}\) is a subset of \(\mathcal{P}_2\) possessing positive relative density, that is if \[ \overline{d}_{\mathcal{P}_2}(\mathcal{A}):= \limsup_{X\to\infty}\frac{|\mathcal{A}\cap[1,X]|}{|\mathcal{P}_2\cap[1,X]|}>0, \] then \(\mathcal{A}\) contains arbitrary long non-trivial arithmetic progressions. The key of the proof is a construction of a pseudorandom measure for primes in \(\mathcal{P}_2\) and the subsequent reduction to a Goldston-Yıldırım-type estimate.